Industrial waste from tanning and textile
production, oil refining, photographic or metallurgical industry or other
chemical processes may fall into this category. They may also include solvents,
spent oils, waste from medical and veterinary research.
However, this class of waste also includes those of
civil origin, such as spent batteries and expired medicines.
How
dangerous waste is defined?
Waste is defined as "any substance or object
which the holder disposes of or has the intention or obligation to
discard" .
Among these, hazardous
waste requires special attention for collection, transport and disposal .
Based on the type of substances present in them, they receive a specific
classification .
Hazardous
waste: hazard classes
This type of waste is classified according to the
different hazard classes .
There are, in fact, explosive, oxidizing, easily or
extremely flammable, toxic, carcinogenic, corrosive, infected , mutagenic,
eco-toxic or source of dangerous substances.
The classes
are made according to the type of danger represented by this type of waste:
1. HP
1 Explosive : following a chemical reaction it can develop gases that have a
dangerous temperature, pressure or speed for things and people.
2. HP
2 Oxidizer : if they come into contact with oxygen they can cause combustion of
other materials.
3. HP
3 Flammable: they can be liquid, solid, gaseous, reactive in contact with
water, self-reactive and self-heating.
4. HP
4 Irritant: may cause eye and skin irritation.
5. HP
5 Harmful: can be toxic to some target organs if exposed or inhaled.
6. HP
6 Toxic: can be toxic if drunk, inhaled or injected.
7. HP
7 Carcinogen: can cause cancer.
8. HP
8 Corrosive: can corrode the skin.
9. HP
9 Infectious: viable microorganisms or toxins that cause disease in humans may
be present.
10. HP
10 Teratogenic: it can damage fertility and human reproduction.
11. HP
11 Mutagenic: can lead to a cell's genetic mutation.
12. HP
12 Release of acute toxic gas: can release toxic gases if it comes into contact
with water or acid.
13. HP
13 Sensitizer: contains sensitizing substances for the skin or respiratory
organs.
14. HP
14 Economic: risky for the environment.
15. HP
15 Waste that does not directly possess
one of these danger characteristics but
can manifest them
Hazardous
waste at infectious risk
Infectious or infectious waste is generally of a
sanitary nature. These are those materials coming from infectious isolation
environments where there is the risk of aerial biological transmission.
They may also include waste contaminated with
biological fluids secreted or excreted by patients in infectious isolation.
They also include burial , cremation , exhumation and extumulation waste .
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Hazardous
waste in agriculture
Agricultural waste can also present a degree of
danger. These are mainly used oils from engines, brakes and hydraulic
transmissions, exhausted batteries, vehicles and machines to be scrapped, plant
protection products that are no longer usable, drugs for zoo technical use that
are no longer usable or expired.
Other wastes produced by farms, such as used
vegetable oils, used tires or plastics , are not included among the potentially
dangerous ones.
How to
dispose of hazardous e-waste
recycling
How to
manage hazardous waste
To reduce the high environmental impact, it is
necessary to treat them in a special way. Depending on the conditions in which
they are located and the type, they can undergo different types of disposal .
For example, some solvents and acids and bases can still be recovered or
regenerated, other hazardous materials can be subjected to a
chemical-physical-biological treatment, or be sent to incineration, while money
waste can also be sent to landfills.
How to store
hazardous waste
By storage we mean all the disposal activities that
foresee both the recovery and the preliminary deposit of the waste. This
temporary deposit, which is often located on the production site, must in any
case involve a correct separation of the waste and not generate any type of pollution
of the soil, subsoil or water.
Throughout the entire chain of treatment of these
special wastes, from storage, to transport to disposal, it must always be
provided that they bear special labeling , which must also mark the storage
area and the containers in which they are stored.
How
hazardous waste is disposed of
Their removal from the storage area takes place
with means authorized for the transport of special and dangerous waste, to then
be temporarily stored to carry out analyzes on a sample that will indicate at
which plant they must be transferred.
Every year or every 3 months, based on the
quantity, they are transported to special recovery or disposal plants according
to the nature and danger of the waste.
Thus ends the life cycle of a special hazardous or
non-hazardous waste.
There are private companies that deal with waste
management, but large municipal companies also offer this service.
Where to
dispose of hazardous waste
Generally it is necessary to inquire about the
presence of specific collection centers or contact specialized disposal
companies.
Some municipal companies offer a paid home disposal
service for private individuals who want to get rid of a series of special
hazardous and non-hazardous waste, also providing ad hoc containers, compliant
with legal requirements, and suitable and authorized means. Various types of
hazardous waste include:
1. Waste
paints
2. Ink
scraps
3. Exhausted
solutions for fixing and bleaching
4. Aqueous
washing solutions
5. Non
chlorinated emulsions
6. Spent
mineral oils
7. Oil
and diesel filters
8. Exhausted
solvents antifreeze and for grease
9. Solutions
for distillation of solvents
10. Rags,
sanitary towels, clothing
11. Batteries
12. Brake
pads
13. Activated
carbon filters
14. Sandblasting
powders
15. Car
glasses
16. Scrap
vehicles
17. Adhesives
and sealants
18. Pickling
acids
19. Various
solvents
20. Dry
filters
21. Paint
metal containers
22. Clean
plastic containers
23. Plastic
parts and bumpers
24. Catalytic
mufflers
25. Antifreeze
liquids
26. Brake
fluids
27. Spray
cans
28. Rock
wool
29. Medicines
30. Toner
31. Alkaline
batteries
32. Fuel
oils and diesel fuels
33. Fuels
and mixtures
WEEE: are
they hazardous waste?
Waste from electrical and electronic equipment (
WEEE ) falls into this category. Usually they come from household appliances,
such as computers and electric tools that are no longer usable or old. Therefore,
they require separate collection of washing machines, refrigerators, cell
phones, etc.
Toners are
hazardous waste
The toner printing can be classified as hazardous
waste or less based on the substances present in it.
Printer
cartridges: they are hazardous waste
The cartridges for printers follow the same
directions of the toner around the waste classification. Copiers and fax
machines also fall into this category.
Exhausted
batteries: they are hazardous waste
Exhausted batteries and batteries represent waste
to be disposed of correctly given their potential danger.
Neon are:
hazardous waste
The neon , such as fluorescent tubes or low energy
lamps, may contain hazardous substances such as mercury . For correct disposal
it is therefore necessary to treat them appropriately and handle them with
care.
Expired
drugs: they are hazardous waste
Expired drugs are considered non-hazardous medical
waste , which is why they are regulated by the rules on special non-hazardous waste. Only cytotoxic and gyrostatic
medicines (i.e. capable of destroying cells with which they come into contact,
such as chemotherapy for example) are considered dangerous, so they follow the
ad hoc legislation on hazardous waste.
Therefore, the separate collection of expired drugs
used in the home can be done by bringing the drugs to the appropriate centers,
or to pharmacies and medical clinics equipped with the appropriate bins.
Exhausted
oils: they are hazardous waste
All exhausted oils from industrial processing are
classified as dangerous . Even exhausted frying oils produced in the domestic
environment require that they not be dispersed in the environment due to their
dangerousness.
Ferrous
scrap: they are Hazardous Waste Management Authorization
Some types of metal scrap , ferrous and
non-ferrous, under certain conditions cease to be considered dangerous.
Aggregates:
they are hazardous waste
The inert waste, from the demolition of buildings
and products to construction sites, are classified as hazardous waste.
Refrigerators:
they are hazardous waste
The refrigerators in the category of Waste from
Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). They are considered dangerous by
current legislation due to their significant impact on the environment and for
the refrigerant gases they contain.
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